Keywords
Leptin
Platelet/endothelial activation marker
YSS
Salmon
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: Overweight currently has become a major global burden. Salmon is one of the major sources for fish oil to treat inflammatory related cardiovascular diseases. Yellow-stripe scad (YSS) on the other hand, is a local Malaysian fish which can be a good substitute for salmon; however, the therapeutic effects of YSS is still unclear. Objective: Therefore, this study compared the nutritional values EPA+DHA of YSS and salmon on body mass index (BMI), leptin and activation markers for both platelet and endothelial cell. Methods: Healthy overweight Malaysian adults (n=45), aged 21-55 years old, were recruited for 6-months cross-over trial study. They were randomised equally to receive eight weeks of either steamed whole YSS fish or salmon fillet, for three days per week, obtaining approximately 7000 mg EPA+DHA weekly. The diets were switched after an eight-week washout period. Baseline dietary fish intakes were similar in the two groups. Results: Significant differences observed in serum leptin for YSS-baseline group I and salmon-baseline group II (p<0.05). Significant changes were observed in serum P-selectin, sCD40L and IL-1β in YSS-baseline group I (p<0.05) but not in VCAM-1 (p>0.05). Significant decreased were also observed in serum vWF and VCAM-I in salmon/baseline group II (p<0.05), but not in P-selectin, sCD40L and IL-1β (p>0.05). However, there was no significant differences between YSS and salmon (P>0.05) on time and treatment in all variable after 16 week, but there was a significant effect of treatment on sCD40L from YSS and vWF from salmon (p<0.05) Conclusion: Both YSS and salmon could harmonized EPA+DHA into leptin, platelet and endothelial phospholipid membrane to decreased platelet and endothelial cell activation markers which may contribute to the cardioprotective effect of EPA +DHA. Thus, the health benefits of YSS fish “ikan selar” and salmon on leptin and prothrombotic parameter on healthy overweight adults may be similar.
References
Abd Aziz, N., Azlan, A., Ismail, A., Mohd Alinafiah, S., & Razman, M. R. (2013). Quantitative determination of fatty acids in marine fish and shellfish from warm water of straits of malacca for nutraceutical purposes. BioMed Research International, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/284329
Abdelaal, M., Roux, C. W., & Docherty, N. G. (2017). Morbidity and mortality associated with obesity, 5(4), 1-12.
https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2017.03.107
Access, O. (2008). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists , 6, 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-7-6
Acids, S. F., & Risk, C. (2017). Saturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease : Replacements for Saturated Fat to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk.
https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare5020029
Adili, R., Voigt, E. M., Bormann, J. L., Foss, K. N., Hurley, L. J., Meyer, E. S., … Larson, M. K. (2017). In vivo modeling of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid-mediated inhibition of both platelet function and accumulation in arterial thrombi. Platelets, 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09537104.2017.1420154
Anwaruddin, S., Askari, A. T., & Topol, E. J. (2007). Redefining Risk in Acute Coronary Syndromes Using Molecular Medicine, 49(3).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2006.08.051
Asztalos, I. B., Gleason, J. A., Sever, S., Gedik, R., Asztalos, B. F., Horvath, K. V., … Schaefer, E. J. (2016). Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a randomized clinical trial. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 65(11), 1636-1645.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2016.07.010
Back, G. (2006). n Ϫ 3 Fatty acid dietary recommendations and food sources to achieve essentiality and cardiovascular benefits 1 - 3, 83(May 2005), 1526-1535.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1526S
Bagge, A., Schött, U., & Kander, T. (2018). High-dose omega-3 fatty acids have no effect on platelet aggregation or coagulation measured with static and flow-based aggregation instruments and Sonoclot; an observational study in healthy volunteers. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 0(0), 1-7.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00365513.2018.1516477
Baldwin, K. M., Singh, I., & Meyer, B. J. (2010). Effects of Seal Oil and Tuna-Fish Oil on Platelet Parameters and Plasma Lipid Levels in Healthy Subjects, M, 669-681.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-010-3450-z
Balthasar, N., Coppari, R., Mcminn, J., Liu, S. M., Lee, C. E., Tang, V., … Lowell, B. B. (2004). Leptin Receptor Signaling in POMC Neurons Is Required for Normal Body Weight Homeostasis, 42, 983-991.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2004.06.004
Banks, W. A., Farrell, C. L., William, A., & Impaired, C. L. F. (2019). Impaired transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier in obesity is acquired and reversible, 63106, 10-15.
Beaulieu, L. M., Lin, E., Mick, E., Koupenova, M., Weinberg, E. O., Carolyn, D., … Freedman, J. E. (2014). Profile During Inflammation in Mice and Humans, 34(3), 552-564.
https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.302700
Blann, A. D., Nadar, S. K., & Lip, G. Y. H. (2004). The adhesion molecule P-selectin and cardiovascular disease, (January).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehj.2003.08.021
Calder, P. C. (2015). Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Processes, (October).
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu2030355
Cancino, M., Medina, F., Varela, P., Vargas, R., Tapia, G., Luis, A., & Ferna, V. (2011). N-3 PUFA Supplementation Triggers PPAR- a Activation and PPAR- a / NF- k B Interaction : Anti-Inflammatory Implications in Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, 6(12).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028502
Chatterjee, M., Rath, D., Rheinlaender, J., Walker-allgaier, B., Alnaggar, N., Zdanyte, M., … Sch, T. E. (2017). Regulation of oxidized platelet lipidome : implications for coronary artery disease, 1993-2005.
https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx146
Chen, L. Y., Jokela, R., Li, D. Y., Bowry, A., Sandler, H., Sjöquist, M., … Mehta, J. L. (2000). Effect of stable fish oil on arterial thrombogenesis, platelet aggregation, and superoxide dismutase activity. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 35(3), 502-505.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-200003000-00022
Collins, T., & Cybulsky, M. I. (2001). NF- κ B in defense and disease NF- κ B : pivotal mediator or innocent bystander in atherogenesis ?, 107(3), 255-264.
https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI10373
Colussi, G., Catena, C., Dialti, V., Pezzutto, F., Mos, L., & Sechi, L. A. (2014). Fish meal supplementation and ambulatory blood pressure in patients with hypertension: Relevance of baseline membrane fatty acid composition. American Journal of Hypertension, 27(3), 471-481.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpt231
Corsonello, A., Perticone, F., & Malara, A. (2003). Leptin-dependent platelet aggregation in healthy , overweight and obese subjects, (March 2014).
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802273
Cottin, S. C., Alsaleh, A., Sanders, T. A. B., & Hall, W. L. (2016). Lack of effect of supplementation with EPA or DHA on platelet-monocyte aggregates and vascular function in healthy men. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 26(8), 743-751.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2016.03.004
Cottin, S., Sanders, T. A. B., & Hall, W. L. (2011). The differential effects of EPA and DHA on cardiovascular risk factors Conference on " Nutrition and health : cell to community " Postgraduate Symposium The differential effects of EPA and DHA on cardiovascular risk factors Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, (May 2014).
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665111000061
Dasheng, X. I. A., Yanqiu, S., Chao, L. I., Feng, Z., & Minxin, W. E. I. (2007). The change of serum leptin and its relationship with platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib in patients with coronary heart disease, 1(4), 352-355.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-007-0067-6
Davı, G., Guagnano, M. T., Ciabattoni, G., Basili, S., Falco, A., Marinopiccoli, M., … Sensi, S. (2019). Role of Inflammation and Oxidant Stress, 288(16).
Dietary intervention with oil rich fish reduces platelet-monocyte aggregation in man. (2019), (May), 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.04.047
Division, N. (2015). National Health & Morbidity Survey 2015; NCD Risk Factors.
Du, S., Jin, J., Fang, W., & Su, Q. (2015). Does Fish Oil Have an Anti-Obesity Effect in Overweight / Obese Adults ? A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, 1-20.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142652
Elbatarny, H. S., & Maurice, D. H. (2005). Leptin-mediated activation of human platelets: involvement of a leptin receptor and phosphodiesterase 3A-containing cellular signaling complex. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 289(4), E695-E702.
https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00125.2005
Hamilton, M. C., Hites, R. A., & Schwager, S. J. (2005). Lipid Composition and Contaminants in Farmed and Wild Salmon, 39(22), 8622-8629.
https://doi.org/10.1021/es050898y
Heart Foundation. (2008). Fish, fish oils, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular health. Position Statement, (November), 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02686.x
Hosogoe, N., Ishikawa, S., Yokoyama, N., Kozuma, K., & Isshiki, T. (2017). Add-on Antiplatelet Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid With Tailored Dose Setting in Patients on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy. International Heart Journal, 58(4), 481-485.
https://doi.org/10.1536/ihj.16-430
Innes, J. K., & Calder, P. C. (2018). The differential effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on cardiometabolic risk factors: A systematic review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(2).
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19020532
Jr, M. G. M., Leibel, R. L., Seeley, R. J., & Schwartz, M. W. (2011). NIH Public Access, 21(11), 643-651.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2010.08.002
Khor GL, Noor Safiza MN, Rahmah R, Jamaluddin AR, Kee CC, Geeta A, Jamaiyah H, Suzana S, Wong NF, Ahmad Ali Z, R. A. & A. F. Y. (2008). The Third National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS III) 2006: Nutritional Status of Children Aged 0 to Below 18 Years and Adults Aged 18 Years and Above. 23 Rd Scientific Conference of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia, 14(March), 11.
Kitson, A. P., Patterson, A. C., Izadi, H., & Stark, K. D. (2009). Pan-frying salmon in an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enriched margarine prevents EPA and DHA loss. Food Chemistry, 114(3), 927-932.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.10.039
Klop, B., Elte, J. W. F., & Cabezas, M. C. (2013). Dyslipidemia in Obesity: Mechanisms and Potential Targets, (April).
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5041218
Krude, H., Biebermann, H., Luck, W., Horn, R., Brabant, G., & Grüters, A. (2014). Severe early-onset obesity , adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans, (February).
Lindemann, S., Tolley, N. D., Dixon, D. A., Mcintyre, T. M., Prescott, S. M., Zimmerman, G. A., & Weyrich, A. S. (2001). by regulated interleukin 1  synthesis, (September).
https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200105058
Long-term effect of high dose omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for secondary prevention of cardiovascular outcomes : A meta-analysis of randomized , double blind , placebo controlled trials. (2019), (May), 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5688(13)70005-9
Mackay, I., Ford, I., Thies, F., Fielding, S., Bachoo, P., & Brittenden, J. (2012). Effect of Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on markers of platelet and endothelial function in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis, 221(2), 514-520.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.12.041
Mingay, E., Veysey, M., Lucock, M., Niblett, S., King, K., Patterson, A., & Garg, M. (2016). Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism Sex-dependent association between omega-3 index and body weight status in older Australians. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism, 5, 70-77.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnim.2016.04.001
Ministry of Health Malaysia. (2014). CPG Management of acute STEMI 3rd edition, 14, 1-106.
Mohanty, B. P., Ganguly, S., Mahanty, A., Sankar, T. V, Anandan, R., Chakraborty, K., … Sridhar, N. (2016). DHA and EPA Content and Fatty Acid Profile of 39 Food Fishes from India, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4027437
Mozaffarian, D., & Wu, J. H. Y. (2011). Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: Effects on risk factors, molecular pathways, and clinical events. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 58(20), 2047-2067.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.063
Munro, I. A., & Garg, M. L. (2013). Dietary supplementation with long chain omega- 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and weight loss in obese adults. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 7(3), e173-e181.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2011.11.001
Nazaimoon, W., Mohamud, W., Musa, K. I., Sharifuddin, A., Frcp, K., Ismail, A., … Mrcp, I. (2011). Short Communication Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Malaysians : an update, 20(May 2010), 35-41.
Oh-I, S., Shimizu, H., Sato, T., Uehara, Y., Okada, S., & Mori, M. (2005). Molecular mechanisms associated with leptin resistance: n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids induce alterations in the tight junction of the brain. Cell Metabolism, 1(5), 331-341.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2005.04.004
Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes : From molecules to man. (2019), (May), 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20160474
Parolini, C., Vik, R., Busnelli, M., Bjørndal, B., Holm, S., Brattelid, T., … Chiesa, G. (2014). A salmon protein hydrolysate exerts lipid-independent anti-atherosclerotic activity in apoE-deficient mice. PLoS ONE, 9(5), 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097598
Phang, M., Lincz, L. F., & Garg, M. L. (2013). Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementations Reduce Platelet Aggregation and Hemostatic Markers Differentially in Men.
https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.112.171249
Pinel, A., Pitois, E., Rigaudiere, J., Jouve, C., Saint-vincent, S. De, Laillet, B., … Lyon-sud, M. (2016). EPA prevents fat mass expansion and metabolic disturbances in mice fed with a Western diet, 57.
https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M065458
Potential impact of omega-3 treatment on cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. (2019), (May), 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0b013e328321b3be
Ridker, P. M., Buring, J. E., & Rifai, N. (2001). Cardiovascular Events, 491-495.
https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.103.4.491
Risk, M. (2009). Association Bet ween Increased Platelet P-Selectin Expression and Obesity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, (February).
https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1308
Riyahi, N., Tohit, E. R. M., Thambiah, S. C., & Ibrahim, Z. (2018). Platelet-related cytokines among normal body mass index, overweight, and obese Malaysians. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 27(1), 182-188.
https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.032017.01
Rossi, A. S., Lombardo, Y. B., Lacorte, J., Chicco, A. G., Rouault, C., Rizkalla, S. W., … Rouault, C. (2019). Dietary fish oil positively regulates plasma leptin and adiponectin levels in sucrose-fed , insulin-resistant rats, 242(3000), 486-494.
https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00846.2004
Salem, N., & Eggersdorfer, M. (2015). Is the world supply of omega-3 fatty acids adequate for optimal human nutrition ?, 147-154.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000145
Seierstad, S. L., Seljeflot, I., Johansen, O., Hansen, R., Haugen, M., Rosenlund, G., … Arnesen, H. (2005). Dietary intake of differently fed salmon; the influence on markers of human atherosclerosis. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 35(1), 52-59.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01443.x
Seyedi, S.M., Sharifpour, I., Ramin, M. and J. S. (2011). Proximate composition and energetic value of selected marine fish and shellfish from the West coast of Peninsular Malaysia. International Food Research Journal, 18(January 2017), 137-148.
Simopoulos, A. P. (2016). An increase in the Omega-6/Omega-3 fatty acid ratio increases the risk for obesity. Nutrients, 8(3), 1-17.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8030128
Sonnweber, T., Pizzini, A., Nairz, M., Weiss, G., & Tancevski, I. (2018). Arachidonic Acid Metabolites in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113285
Tsoupras, A., Lordan, R., Shiels, K., & Saha, S. K. (2019). In Vitro Antithrombotic Properties of Salmon ( Salmo salar ) Phospholipids in a Novel Food-Grade Extract, (January).
https://doi.org/10.3390/md17010062
Venkata Krishnan, P., Anuradha, S., Bhattacharjee, J., & Gaiha, M. (2007). Effects of low dose omega-3 fatty acids on platelet functions and coagulation profile in Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with vascular complications: A prospective, preliminary study. Journal, Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine, 8(1), 45-52.
Wang, Y., & Huang, F. (2015). N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation in obesity: Local effect and systemic benefit. BioMed Research International, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/581469
Winnicki, M., Somers, V. K., Accurso, V., Phillips, B. G., Puato, M., Palatini, P., & Pauletto, P. (2002). Brief Rapid Communications, 289-291.
https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000025241.01418.4D
Yee, P., Azlan, A., & Eng, H. (2018). Cooking methods affect total fatty acid composition and retention of DHA and EPA in selected fish fillets, 44, 92-101.
https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2018.44.092
Yunus, M., & Effendi, M. I. (2013). Mineral contents of selected marine fish and shellfish from the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, 20(1), 431-437.
Zhu, C. F., Li, G. Z., Peng, H. Bin, Zhang, F., Chen, Y., & Li, Y. (2010). Therapeutic effects of marine collagen peptides on Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and primary hypertension. American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 340(5), 360-366.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2019 Array