4th International Conference on Forensic Sciences, Forensic Medicine and Criminology 2023 (INFOMEC 4.0)

The INFOMEC 2023 organized by the Management and Science University (MSU) is proud to celebrate the 4th anniversary of the International Conference on Forensic Science, Forensic Medicine, and Criminology. This is a premier gathering of experts from around the world who will be sharing their knowledge and expertise, exchange ideas, and discuss the latest advancements and techniques in the field. The conference features a diverse range of topics related to forensic science, forensic medicine, and criminology, including forensic pathology, forensic toxicology, forensic DNA analysis, crime scene investigation, forensic psychology, and criminal profiling, among others. Participants will have the opportunity to attend keynote presentations, poster sessions, and network with colleagues and peers from academia, government, and industry. The conference is an excellent platform for researchers, practitioners, and students to present their research findings and gain valuable feedback from experts in the field. Overall, the International Conference on Forensic Science, Forensic Medicine, and Criminology is an essential event for anyone involved in the fields of forensic science, forensic medicine, and criminology, providing an opportunity to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and developments, and contribute to the advancement of the field.


Abstract
Arson, the intentional and malicious act of propagating a fire, often involves the use of ignitable liquids such as kerosene.There is a time gap between fire extinguishment and the collection of fire debris.During this time, kerosene experiences weathering, causing evaporation and degradation of its volatiles that poses a threat to the accuracy of analysis and result interpretation.The objective of this study is to investigate and compare the volatile residues of weathered kerosene under indoor (room temperature) and outdoor conditions.10 mL of kerosene was weathered indoors with a continuous stream of nitrogen as an aid, and outdoors, under tropical conditions.Sampling was conducted over specified weathered percentage from 10% to 75%.The weathered samples were then subjected to passive headspace extraction using activated carbon tablet (ACT) for 4 hours at 85°C before desorption with pentane for subsequent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.The volatile organic profile of weathered kerosene was analysed using specified target compounds; n-alkylbenzenes and nalkanes to confirm the presence or absence of kerosene.n-alkylbenzenes (C2 and C3) weathered significantly upon reaching 75% weathering for indoors whereas the outdoors showed an increase in abundance at 25% and 75% where some were undetectable after 50% weathering.All n-alkanes from weathered kerosene indoors and outdoors recorded a decrease in abundance at 10%.A contrast was observed whilst comparing indoor and outdoor weathered kerosene samples for n-alkanes after 10% weathering where a decrease in either sample pictured the latter, an increase in the other.C10 to C13 alkanes weathered indoors began degrading but C14-C17 alkanes pictured an increase for both conditions at 75%.The results obtained from the study demonstrate that over a prolonged weathered percentage of kerosene there is a contrast observed between both conditions which shows that environmental and chemical factors such as temperature, and the loss of lower molecular compounds plays a huge role in dictating the presence of kerosene.

Abstract
The automotive industry is constantly shifting gears, from popular demand, safety innovations, and technological advances keep the vehicles in an ever-changing mode of emergence and functionality.The major systems of an automobile are comprised of the engine system, fuel system, transmission system, exhaust system, and electrical system which could be possible heat sources contributing to the initiation of fire.A fire tetrahedron is categorized as four distinct elements assumed for combustion: heat, fuel, oxygen, and also chemical chain reaction.The manner in which a fire is initiated and spread depends on many complex factors such as the vehicle the nature of fuel load, surface area, distribution of fuel load throughout the vehicle as well as ventilation.The prevalence of insurance fraud has been growing steadily over recent years in the motor vehicle industry as monetary gains will be benefited by the claimant.Determining the area of origin and the possible cause of the fire would be critical to comment on the liability of the insurance claim.C. S. Tang Adjusters Sdn Bhd was assigned to conduct an Own Damage Investigation to investigate a commercial vehicle that caught on fire whilst being parked at the side of the road without the engine ignition on.The main objective of a fire investigation is to determine the cause and origin of the fire.Fire origin is determined through analysis of the fire pattern exhibited on the vehicle, degree of rusting, and metal oxidation color band.As recommended by the National Fire Association (NFPA), the cause of the fire was determined using an elimination process considering all the possible causes present at the area of origin, backed up with the scientific analysis of evidence.For the present case, evidence is analyzed with the aid of a stereo microscope to look for the presence of arc beading, suggesting an occurrence of electrical short-circuiting at the area of origin.The methodology employed in motor vehicle fire investigation is a systematic scientific approach that has been in practice by fire investigators to determine the cause and origin of the fire.It was then concluded that the claim had been repudiated upon examining the affected copper wires does not originate from the defaulted wires of the vehicle.An unauthorized aftermarket installation would be repudiated based on the policy clause unless the vehicle had purchased additional endorsement in accordance to the insurance policy coverage.

Abstract
Detecting ignitable liquid residues is crucial in confirming arson.Gasoline, commonly used due to its affordability, accessibility, and ignitability undergoes weathering during and after fires, altering its volatile organic profile through evaporation caused by high temperatures.Insufficient data on gasoline weathering in tropical countries hampers accurate arson investigations by local forensic practitioners.This study aims to elucidate the effect of tropical weathering on the volatile organic profiles of gasoline.10 mL of neat gasoline in triplicates were exposed to indoor weathering at room temperature (under nitrogen stream) and outdoor until weathered percentages of 0 -95% were obtained.Subsequently, 20 μL of the respective weathered samples were placed onto a kimwipe in an aluminum can, and passive headspace extraction was performed using an activated charcoal tablet.The samples were then incubated at 85°C for 4 hours and desorbed into pentane for analysis using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS).Target compounds (C1-C4 n-alkylbenzene) such as toluene, xylenes, ethyl toluene, and trimethylbenzene group must be present to confirm the presence of gasoline.In this study, indoor weathering at a temperature of 25°C exhibited a faster progression (2 days) compared to outdoor weathering (10 days) under a mean temperature of 33°C.Result showed that all target compounds were positively identified for all stages of weathering, both indoor and outdoor.A notable distinction between indoor and outdoor weathering was seen in the weathering patterns of C1-alkylbenzene (toluene).Indoors, toluene exhibited a decrease in abundance starting at 90% weathering, whereas no such decline was observed outdoors.However, all the C2-C4 n-alkylbenzene target compounds displayed a consistent increase in abundance as weathering progressed for both indoor and outdoor.These findings indicate that volatile organic compounds of gasoline undergo varying rates of weathering in different environments, with tropical climates exerting an influence in their weathering patterns.
Keywords: Ignitable liquid residues; gasoline; tropical weathering; arson and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy

Anthropometric comparative study for nasal morphology between Malaysians and Indonesians Muhammad Khairie Basjuri, Anita Zara Weinheimer and Muhammad Jefri Mohd Yusof*
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.Email: muhd_jefri@msu.edu.myAbstractHumanfacial features are different from each other.The features are frequently drawn to attention, particularly the set of three prominences that offer a profile feature, such as the lips, nose, and chin.Besides that, the nose is located at the center of the face and is one of the most essential features.Nose or nasal morphology is one of the human features that can be applied to identify ancestry, sexual dimorphism, and age in anthropological studies.This research was carried out on the Malay population in Selangor and the Indonesians to investigate the differences in both groups.The sample consisted of 212 Malays who reside in Selangor, including Indonesians whose age range between 18 and 77, also the sample was taken by measuring some parameters of nasal morphological characteristics, such as the distance between endocanthion points (EN-EN), the distance of nasal bony base width (BB), interalar distance (AL-AL), and others.As a result, it indicated that the nasal characteristics could be used to distinguish Malaysians from Indonesians with statistical significance (t-test, p < 0.05).It was also found that the differences in sexual dimorphism are statistically significant (t-test, P< 0.05).Furthermore, The P value of the ANOVA test between ranges of age showed a significance *Correspondence: value of (P< 0.05).To conclude, it is evident that nasal morphology has statistical significance for ancestry, sexual dimorphism, and age discrimination.Keywords: Anthropology; human facial; nasal morphological; Malay and IndonesiaBiome Journals biomescientia.comVol 8 No 1 (2024) 135 4th International Conference on Forensic Sciences, Forensic Medicine and Criminology 2023The

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Insurance fraud; motor vehicle; forensic science; fire investigation; fire pattern and fire damage