Keywords
oxidant
free radicals
opioid addiction
animal studies
How to Cite
Abstract
Drug abuse poses serious challenges in various countries worldwide. It causes the amount of oxidative stress to elevate and lead to the abnormality of physiological changes in the body. Concerning the varied of effects in this situation, this systematic review aimed to scrutinize the relation between drug addiction and the oxidative stress in animal models. A systematic literature search using PubMed via National Library of Medicine (NIH) with the keywords as follow: “Oxidative stress” or “oxidant” or “free radical” and “opioid” or “opioid drug addiction” or “animal opioid addiction”. A total of seven relevant articles underwent further analysis for data extraction. Tramadol was shown has an effect on testicular tissue abnormalities due to the presence of oxidative stress that change the gene expression, besides, it can lead to altered neurotransmitter in cerebral cortex. Morphine appear has different reaction of withdrawal symptoms in male and female. It also has greater elevation of symptoms when induced with naloxone. The combination of morphine and remifentanil reveal the changes in myocardium due to the oxidative stress changes, however, in combination with anakinra it happened to reduce the morphine tolerance which has the antinociceptive properties. Evidence indicate that chronic codeine administration can cause changes in liver function and DNA damage. Current research confirms that oxidative stress and drug addiction have an association leading to the disturbance of the body's normal physiology.
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